山东省假性肥大型肌营养不良的RFLP分析 Ⅰ．可疑携带者的基因型确定

本文选用10个DMD基因内部和桥探针,对山东省9个地区的21个DMD／BMD家系的173名成员进行RFLP分析,其中可疑携带者55人,多数家系应用1－3个探针,有基因重组家庭选用4－5个探针,便可完成多态分析,RFLP分析可以确定85．45％的可疑携带者（≥95％可信限）,即13人确定为携带者,30人排除携带者,另有4人风险大幅提高,通过这些探针的群体多态检测和不同家庭结构和类型的应用分析,我们提出了在中国人群中DMD／SMD基因诊断的基本程序。     

High-Resolution Performance of Polycaprolactone Functionalized with Guanidinium Ionic Liquid for Gas Chromatography

This work firstly reported a new polycaprolactone based material functionalized with guanidinium ionic liquid (PCL-GIL) as the stationary phase with high resolution performance for capillary gas chromatography (GC). It is composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and guanidinium ionic liquid (GIL) with amphiphilic conformation. The PCL-GIL capillary column coated by static method exhibited high column efficiency of 3942 plates/m and moderate polarity. As a result, the PCL-GIL column exhibited high-resolution capability. For a mixture of 27 analytes with a wide ranging polarity and outperformed the PCL-2OH and HP-35 columns, showing its advantageous separation capability for analytes of diverse types. Moreover, the PCL-GIL column showed high resolving capability for various positional isomers and cis-/trans-isomers, including alkylbenzenes, chlorobenzenes, naphthalenes, bromonitrobenzenes, chloronitrobenzenes, benzaldehydes, phenols, alcohols, respectively. In a word, PCL derivatized by GIL units as a new type of stationary phase has a promising future in GC separations.     

Benzotriazole-Based Polymer Acceptor for High-Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells with High Photocurrent and Low Voltage Loss

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have already exceeded 17%. However, the limited absorption range of an all-polymer system results in significantly reduced short-circuit current density (J_sc), which eventually influences the PCE improvement. To broaden the light absorption of polymer acceptors, herein, benzotriazole is introduced in the core unit of small molecule acceptors and thus two narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors named PTz-BO and PTz-C11 featuring the same molecular backbone and different side-chain length are synthesized. Compared with PTz-C11, the PTz-BO based-all PSCs deliver a slightly reduced J_sc, a large open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and a low voltage loss below 0.50 V. Moreover, ternary all-PSCs are constructed by introducing PTz-C11 as a guest component. Benefiting from the reduced recombination, improved exciton generation and dissociation, and balanced charge transport, a high efficiency of 16.58% is obtained for the ternary all-PSCs, with a high J_sc over 25 mA cm⁻² without sacrificing the V_oc. Such result represents the highest efficiency reported for benzotriazole-based all-PSCs in the literature thus far. This work demonstrates the great potential of benzotriazole for the synthesis of efficient narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors.     

Universal two-dimensional labelled probe-mediated melting curve analysis based on multiplex PCR for rapid typing of Plasmodium in a single closed tube

Currently, malaria is still one of the major public health problems commonly caused by the four Plasmodium species. The similar symptoms of malaria and the COVID-19 epidemic of fever or fatigue lead to frequent misdiagnosis. The disadvantages of existing detection methods, such as time-consuming, costly, complicated operation, need for experienced technicians, and indistinguishable typing, lead to difficulties in meeting the clinical requirements of rapid, easy, and accurate typing of common Plasmodium species. In this study, we developed and optimized a universal two-dimensional labelled probe-mediated melting curve analysis (UP-MCA) assay based on multiplex and asymmetric PCR for rapid and accurate typing of five Plasmodium species, including novel human Plasmodium, Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk), in a single closed tube following genome extraction. The assay showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 copies per reaction and could accurately distinguish Plasmodium species from intra-plasmodium and other pathogens. Additionally, we proposed and validated different methods of fluorescence quenching and tag design for probes that are suitable for UP-MCA assays. Moreover, the clinical performance of the Plasmodium UP-MCA assay using a base-quenched universal probe was evaluated using 226 samples and showed a sensitivity of 100% (164/164) and specificity of 100% (62/62) at a 99% confidence interval, with the microscopy method as the gold standard. In summary, the UP-MCA assay showed excellent sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for genotyping Plasmodium species spp. Additionally, it facilitates convenient and rapid Plasmodium detection in routine clinical practice and has great potential for clinical translation.     

Genomic analyses reveal natural selection on reproduction related genes between two closely related Populus (Salicaceae) species

Identifying the factors that cause reproductive isolation and their relative importance in species divergence is crucial to our understanding of speciation processes. In most species, natural selection is commonly considered to play a large role in driving speciation. Based on whole genome re-sequencing data from 27 Populus alba and 28 Populus adenopoda individuals, we explored the factors related to reproductive isolation of these two closely related species. The results showed that the two species diverged ~5–10 million years ago (Ma), when the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau reached a certain height and the inland climate of the Asian continent became arid. In highly differentiated genomic regions, the relative divergence (F_ST) and absolute divergence (d_xy) were significantly higher than the genomic background, θπ and shared polymorphisms decreased whereas fixed differences increased, which indicated that natural selection played a key role in the reproductive isolation of the two species. In addition, we found several genes that were related to reproduction that may be involved in explaining the reproductive isolation. Using phylogenetic trees resolved from haplotype data of Populus tomentosa and P. adenopoda, the maternal origin of P. tomentosa from P. adenopoda was likely to be located in Hubei and Chongqing Provinces.     

SEQUENCES OF LLANDOVERIAN CHITINOZOANS IN YANGZl REGION

This paper is dedicated as a token of homage and gratitude to Prof. Mu. En-zhi, the nestor in the field of graptolite studies, who introduced us chitinozoan studies with constant supports in many ways, and who died on 8th April, 1987. The Palaeontological Society of China has decided to publish a specieal volume in memory of this outstanding scientist.     

生长特性差别的胃癌MGC803细胞亚系间细胞骨架、细胞通讯与癌基因表达的比较研究

肿瘤细胞表型差异是临床药物敏感性、抗原性、转移性、潜伏性和进展速度等差异的主要原因。为了弄清恶性表型差别的表现、相关性及调节机理、我们从胃癌MGC 803系分离了单细胞亚系,各亚系按克隆过程的时间差别归纳分组,选快组M 17、中组M 6和慢组M 3进行比较。软琼脂生长实验表明三者的恶性程度有显著差别;M17恶性度最高,M3最低,M6居中。与其它表型联系比较,证明细胞生长速度、细胞微丝、微管骨架破坏及细胞通讯功能抑制都与锚着不依赖性生长的恶性特征有平行相关性。同时,M 17和M 3原癌基因表达有明显差别。     

人结核分枝杆菌特异性核酸探针制备及结核病PCR检测技术的初步临床应用

采用人结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB)染色体DNA为模板,选择位于插入片段IS6110中884～865和568～588碱基对处的两个片段为引物,扩增出317bp的特异性片段．将其克隆进pUCl9载体。酶切图谱分析和DNA序列测定证实为目的片段。该片段经DIG标记,分别与11种分枝杆菌DNA进行Southern杂交,结果证明只与人型复合分枝杆菌发生杂交反应。利用该对引物建立的PcR检测拄术对74份结核病痰液标本进行检测,并与临床细菌快速培养结果相比较,发现48份临床阳性均为PcR阳性,在26份临床阴性标本中亦发现11份PCR检测阳性。将标本PCR产物与克隆探针进行杂交,显示两者结果完全一致。说明PCR检测体系结果可靠,其灵敏度明显高于目前临床所采用的方法,可作为一种常规技术用于结核病的临床检测。